{"id":357686,"date":"2017-01-25T13:04:22","date_gmt":"2017-01-25T21:04:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/?post_type=msr-research-item&#038;p=357686"},"modified":"2018-10-16T20:00:13","modified_gmt":"2018-10-17T03:00:13","slug":"hunter-cauchy-rabbit-optimal-kakeya-sets","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/publication\/hunter-cauchy-rabbit-optimal-kakeya-sets\/","title":{"rendered":"Hunter, Cauchy Rabbit, and Optimal Kakeya Sets"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A planar set that contains a unit segment in every direction is called a Kakeya set. We relate these sets to a game of pursuit on a cycle <span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"noError\">$\\Z_n$<\/span><\/span><\/span>. A hunter and a rabbit move on the nodes of <span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"noError\">$\\Z_n$<\/span><\/span><\/span>without seeing each other. At each step, the hunter moves to a neighbouring vertex or stays in place, while the rabbit is free to jump to any node. Adler et al (2003) provide strategies for hunter and rabbit that are optimal up to constant factors and achieve probability of capture in the first <span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>steps of order <span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"mo\">\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mi\">log<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"mo\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. We show these strategies yield a Kakeya set consisting of <span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"mn\">4<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-20\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> triangles with minimal area, (up to constant), namely <span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-21\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-22\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-23\" class=\"mi\">\u0398<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-24\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-25\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-26\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-27\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-28\" class=\"mo\">\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-29\" class=\"mi\">log<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-30\" class=\"mo\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-31\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-32\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. As far as we know, this is the first non-iterative construction of a boundary-optimal Kakeya set. Considering the continuum analog of the game yields a construction of a random Kakeya set from two independent standard Brownian motions <span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-33\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-34\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-35\" class=\"mo\">{<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-36\" class=\"mi\">B<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-37\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-38\" class=\"mi\">s<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-39\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-40\" class=\"mo\">:<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-41\" class=\"mi\">s<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-42\" class=\"mo\">\u2265<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-43\" class=\"mn\">0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-44\" class=\"mo\">}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> and <span id=\"MathJax-Element-8-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-45\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-46\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-47\" class=\"mo\">{<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-48\" class=\"mi\">W<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-49\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-50\" class=\"mi\">s<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-51\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-52\" class=\"mo\">:<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-53\" class=\"mi\">s<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-54\" class=\"mo\">\u2265<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-55\" class=\"mn\">0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-56\" class=\"mo\">}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Let <span id=\"MathJax-Element-9-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-57\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-58\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-59\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-60\" class=\"mi\">\u03c4<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-61\" class=\"mi\">t<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-62\" class=\"mo\">:=<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-63\" class=\"mo\">min<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-64\" class=\"mo\">{<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-65\" class=\"mi\">s<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-66\" class=\"mo\">\u2265<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-67\" class=\"mn\">0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-68\" class=\"mo\">:<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-69\" class=\"mi\">B<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-70\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-71\" class=\"mi\">s<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-72\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-73\" class=\"mo\">=<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-74\" class=\"mi\">t<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-75\" class=\"mo\">}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Then <span id=\"MathJax-Element-10-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-76\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-77\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-78\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-79\" class=\"mi\">X<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-80\" class=\"mi\">t<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-81\" class=\"mo\">=<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-82\" class=\"mi\">W<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-83\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-84\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-85\" class=\"mi\">\u03c4<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-86\" class=\"mi\">t<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-87\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> is a Cauchy process, and <span id=\"MathJax-Element-11-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-88\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-89\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-90\" class=\"mi\">K<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-91\" class=\"mo\">:=<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-92\" class=\"mo\">{<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-93\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-94\" class=\"mi\">a<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-95\" class=\"mo\">,<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-96\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-97\" class=\"mi\">X<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-98\" class=\"mi\">t<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-99\" class=\"mo\">+<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-100\" class=\"mi\">a<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-101\" class=\"mi\">t<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-102\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-103\" class=\"mo\">:<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-104\" class=\"mi\">a<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-105\" class=\"mo\">,<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-106\" class=\"mi\">t<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-107\" class=\"mo\">\u2208<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-108\" class=\"mo\">[<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-109\" class=\"mn\">0<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-110\" class=\"mo\">,<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-111\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-112\" class=\"mo\">]<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-113\" class=\"mo\">}<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> is a Kakeya set of zero area. The area of the <span id=\"MathJax-Element-12-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-114\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-115\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-116\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>-neighborhood of <span id=\"MathJax-Element-13-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-117\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-118\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-119\" class=\"mi\">K<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> is as small as possible, i.e., almost surely of order <span id=\"MathJax-Element-14-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-120\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-121\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-122\" class=\"mi\">\u0398<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-123\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-124\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-125\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-126\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-127\" class=\"mo\">\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-128\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-129\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-130\" class=\"mo\">|<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-131\" class=\"mi\">log<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-132\" class=\"mo\"><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-133\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-134\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-135\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-136\" class=\"mo\">|<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-137\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A planar set that contains a unit segment in every direction is called a Kakeya set. We relate these sets to a game of pursuit on a cycle $\\Z_n$. A hunter and a rabbit move on the nodes of $\\Z_n$without seeing each other. At each step, the hunter moves to a neighbouring vertex or stays [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","msr-author-ordering":null,"msr_publishername":"Cornell University 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Winkler","user_id":0,"rest_url":false}],"msr_impact_theme":[],"msr_research_lab":[],"msr_event":[],"msr_group":[],"msr_project":[],"publication":[],"video":[],"msr-tool":[],"msr_publication_type":"article","related_content":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item\/357686","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/msr-research-item"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item\/357686\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":518074,"href":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-item\/357686\/revisions\/518074"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=357686"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"msr-research-highlight","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-research-highlight?post=357686"},{"taxonomy":"msr-research-area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research-area?post=357686"},{"taxonomy":"msr-publication-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-publication-type?post=357686"},{"taxonomy":"msr-publisher","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-publisher?post=357686"},{"taxonomy":"msr-focus-area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-focus-area?post=357686"},{"taxonomy":"msr-locale","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-locale?post=357686"},{"taxonomy":"msr-post-option","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-post-option?post=357686"},{"taxonomy":"msr-field-of-study","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-field-of-study?post=357686"},{"taxonomy":"msr-conference","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-conference?post=357686"},{"taxonomy":"msr-journal","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-journal?post=357686"},{"taxonomy":"msr-impact-theme","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-impact-theme?post=357686"},{"taxonomy":"msr-pillar","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/msr-pillar?post=357686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}