{"id":357809,"date":"2017-01-25T13:59:25","date_gmt":"2017-01-25T21:59:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/?post_type=msr-research-item&#038;p=357809"},"modified":"2018-10-16T20:01:12","modified_gmt":"2018-10-17T03:01:12","slug":"anatomy-young-giant-component-random-graph","status":"publish","type":"msr-research-item","link":"https:\/\/newed.any0.dpdns.org\/en-us\/research\/publication\/anatomy-young-giant-component-random-graph\/","title":{"rendered":"Anatomy Of A Young Giant Component In The Random Graph"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We provide a complete description of the giant component of the Erd\\H{o}s-R\\&#8217;enyi random graph <span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-2\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-3\" class=\"mi\">G<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-5\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-6\" class=\"mo\">,<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-7\" class=\"mi\">p<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-8\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> as soon as it emerges from the scaling window, i.e., for <span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-11\" class=\"mi\">p<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-12\" class=\"mo\">=<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-13\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-14\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-15\" class=\"mo\">+<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-18\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-19\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-20\" class=\"mo\">\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-21\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> where <span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-22\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-23\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-24\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-25\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-26\" class=\"mn\">3<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-27\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-28\" class=\"mo\">\u2192<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-29\" class=\"mi\">\u221e<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> and <span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-30\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-31\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-32\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-33\" class=\"mo\">=<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-34\" class=\"mi\">o<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-35\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-36\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-37\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<br \/>\nOur description is particularly simple for <span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-38\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-39\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-40\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-41\" class=\"mo\">=<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-42\" class=\"mi\">o<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-43\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-44\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-45\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-46\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-47\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-48\" class=\"mo\">\u2212<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-49\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-50\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-51\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-52\" class=\"mo\">\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-53\" class=\"mn\">4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-54\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, where the giant component <span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-55\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-56\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-57\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-58\" class=\"mi\">C<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-59\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> is contiguous with the following model (i.e., every graph property that holds with high probability for this model also holds w.h.p. for <span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-60\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-61\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-62\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-63\" class=\"mi\">C<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-64\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>). Let <span id=\"MathJax-Element-8-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-65\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-66\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-67\" class=\"mi\">Z<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> be normal with mean <span id=\"MathJax-Element-9-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-68\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-69\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-70\" class=\"mfrac\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-71\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-72\" class=\"mn\">3<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-73\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-74\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-75\" class=\"mn\">3<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-76\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> and variance <span id=\"MathJax-Element-10-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-77\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-78\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-79\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-80\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-81\" class=\"mn\">3<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-82\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, and let <span id=\"MathJax-Element-11-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-83\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-84\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-85\" class=\"mi\">K<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> be a random 3-regular graph on <span id=\"MathJax-Element-12-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-86\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-87\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-88\" class=\"mn\">2<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-89\" class=\"mo\">\u230a<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-90\" class=\"mi\">Z<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-91\" class=\"mo\">\u230b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> vertices. Replace each edge of <span id=\"MathJax-Element-13-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-92\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-93\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-94\" class=\"mi\">K<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> by a path, where the path lengths are i.i.d. geometric with mean <span id=\"MathJax-Element-14-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-95\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-96\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-97\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-98\" class=\"texatom\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-99\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-100\" class=\"mo\">\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-101\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Finally, attach an independent Poisson(<span id=\"MathJax-Element-15-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-102\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-103\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-104\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-105\" class=\"mo\">\u2212<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-106\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>)-Galton-Watson tree to each vertex.<br \/>\nA similar picture is obtained for larger <span id=\"MathJax-Element-16-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-107\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-108\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-109\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-110\" class=\"mo\">=<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-111\" class=\"mi\">o<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-112\" class=\"mo\">(<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-113\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-114\" class=\"mo\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, in which case the random 3-regular graph is replaced by a random graph with <span id=\"MathJax-Element-17-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-115\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-116\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-117\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-118\" class=\"mi\">N<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-119\" class=\"mi\">k<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> vertices of degree <span id=\"MathJax-Element-18-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-120\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-121\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-122\" class=\"mi\">k<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> for <span id=\"MathJax-Element-19-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-123\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-124\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-125\" class=\"mi\">k<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-126\" class=\"mo\">\u2265<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-127\" class=\"mn\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, where <span id=\"MathJax-Element-20-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-128\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-129\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-130\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-131\" class=\"mi\">N<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-132\" class=\"mi\">k<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> has mean and variance of order <span id=\"MathJax-Element-21-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-133\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-134\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-135\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-136\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-137\" class=\"mi\">k<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-138\" class=\"mi\">n<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<br \/>\nThis description enables us to determine fundamental characteristics of the supercritical random graph. Namely, we can infer the asymptotics of the diameter of the giant component for any rate of decay of <span id=\"MathJax-Element-22-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-139\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-140\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-141\" class=\"mi\">\u03f5<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, as well as the mixing time of the random walk on <span id=\"MathJax-Element-23-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" tabindex=\"0\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-142\" class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-143\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-144\" class=\"msubsup\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-145\" class=\"mi\">C<\/span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-146\" class=\"mn\">1<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We provide a complete description of the giant component of the Erd\\H{o}s-R\\&#8217;enyi random graph G(n,p) as soon as it emerges from the scaling window, i.e., for p=(1+\u03f5)\/n where \u03f53n\u2192\u221e and \u03f5=o(1). Our description is particularly simple for \u03f5=o(n\u22121\/4), where the giant component C1 is contiguous with the following model (i.e., every graph property that holds [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"msr-url-field":"","msr-podcast-episode":"","msrModifiedDate":"","msrModifiedDateEnabled":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_classifai_error":"","msr-author-ordering":null,"msr_publishername":"Wiley Subscription Services, Inc.","msr_publisher_other":"","msr_booktitle":"","msr_chapter":"","msr_edition":"","msr_editors":"","msr_how_published":"","msr_isbn":"","msr_issue":"","msr_journal":"Random Structures & Algorithms","msr_number":"","msr_organization":"","msr_pages_string":"139-178","msr_page_range_start":"139","msr_page_range_end":"178","msr_series":"","msr_volume":"","msr_copyright":"","msr_conference_name":"","msr_doi":"10.1002\/rsa.20342","msr_arxiv_id":"","msr_s2_paper_id":"","msr_mag_id":"","msr_pubmed_id":"","msr_other_authors":"","msr_other_contributors":"","msr_speaker":"","msr_award":"","msr_affiliation":"","msr_institution":"","msr_host":"","msr_version":"","msr_duration":"","msr_original_fields_of_study":"","msr_release_tracker_id":"","msr_s2_match_type":"","msr_citation_count_updated":"","msr_published_date":"2010-09-15","msr_highlight_text":"","msr_notes":"","msr_longbiography":"","msr_publicationurl":"","msr_external_url":"","msr_secondary_video_url":"","msr_conference_url":"","msr_journal_url":"","msr_s2_pdf_url":"","msr_year":0,"msr_citation_count":0,"msr_influential_citations":0,"msr_reference_count":0,"msr_s2_match_confidence":0,"msr_microsoftintellectualproperty":true,"msr_s2_open_access":false,"msr_s2_author_ids":[],"msr_pub_ids":[],"msr_hide_image_in_river":0,"footnotes":""},"msr-research-highlight":[],"research-area":[13546],"msr-publication-type":[193715],"msr-publisher":[],"msr-focus-area":[],"msr-locale":[268875],"msr-post-option":[],"msr-field-of-study":[],"msr-conference":[],"msr-journal":[],"msr-impact-theme":[],"msr-pillar":[],"class_list":["post-357809","msr-research-item","type-msr-research-item","status-publish","hentry","msr-research-area-computational-sciences-mathematics","msr-locale-en_us"],"msr_publishername":"Wiley 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